How well do you understand Laser Tattoo Removal? - Quiz 3
This quiz has been designed to test your knowledge of lasers and IPL systems and some of their applications
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Quiz Questions
1.
What is fluence?
A.
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Frequency of light
B.
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Colour of light
C.
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Speed of light
2.
Which human chromophores or tissue types are typically utilised for selective light absorption in photothermal treatments?
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A.
Collagen and keratin
B.
Water and fat
C.
Haemoglobin and melanin
3.
The Fitzpatrick skin typing protocol was originally developed for the purpose of
A.
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accurate determination of skin colour to faclicitate laser/IPL treatments
B.
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estimation of how tolerant different skin types are to UVB radiation exposure
C.
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estimation and differentiation of the ethnicity of humans
4.
Where is most of the melanin in human skin typically found?
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A.
In the epidermis
B.
In the basal layer
C.
In the dermis
5.
A 'normal' reaction after laser tattoo treatments includes:
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A.
Erythema and swelling
B.
Blistering and itchiness
C.
Swelling and peeling
6.
The hair follicle stem/germ cells that will create new anagen hair growth cycles is located
A.
Inside the hair bulb in the hair root papilla that produce the growing hair
B.
Just outside the outer root sheet in the bulge region of the follicle
C.
In the sebaceous gland that is appendix to the follicle.
7.
What is Selective Photothermolysis?
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A.
Photo bio-stimulation of tissue with selected colour of light to reduce inflammation
B.
Skin rejuvenation by laser resurfacing
C.
Selective coagulation of local tissue structures by utilising specific colour of light that has high absorption in the common skin chromophores
8.
How thick is a typical human epidermis?
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A.
50 to 100 microns
B.
0.1 to 0.5 mm
C.
More than 200 microns
9.
What can induce more dermal scattering?
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A.
Light energy
B.
Repetition rate
C.
Scar tissue
10.
The colour of human melanin ranges from
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A.
red-yellow to black
B.
light brown to black
C.
brown to black
11.
The human skin is optically opaque which implicates that a collimated beam of light (like a laser) will be
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A.
kept collimated through the epidermis/dermis
B.
focused in the lower dermis due to the high refractive index of collagen
C.
scattered strongly and a substantial part of the radiation will leave the skin in the backward direction
12.
At what temperature is pain felt in the skin?
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A.
40 degrees Celsius
B.
45 degrees Celsius
C.
50 degrees Celsius
13.
For a given pulse duration the peak power depends on :
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A.
Wavelength
B.
Energy
C.
Spot diameter
14.
Following laser treatment, tattoo ink is removed from the dermis by:
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A.
Urination
B.
Sloughing
C.
Lymphatic drainage
15.
Laser hair removal induces which type of reaction?
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A.
Photothermal
B.
Photomechanical
C.
Photoablation
16.
Which colours of light is reflected when a red object is illuminated with white light (i.e. contains all colours)
A.
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Blue and green
B.
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Yellow and orange
C.
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Red
17.
'Frosting' in laser tattoo treatments is caused by:
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A.
Steam bubbles forming
B.
Too much energy
C.
The wrong wavelength
18.
What is the thermal relaxation time?
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A.
It is the pulse duration of the laser
B.
It is the heating time of the targets
C.
It is the cooling time of the targets
19.
What is 'fluence'?
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A.
Energy/time
B.
Energy/wavelength
C.
Energy/spot size
20.
Visible laser energy is:
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A.
Ionising
B.
Non-ionising
C.
Both
21.
The chromophore in hair removal is
A.
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The germ cells
B.
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The hair shaft
C.
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The melanin
22.
The chromophores present in the epidermis are
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A.
Only melanin
B.
A mix of melanin and haemoglobin
C.
Only haemoglobin
23.
Severe side effects after laser/IPL treatments are mainly due to the fact that
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A.
The operator has a poor knowledge of dermatology
B.
Poor calibration of the light energy source
C.
The operator has a poor knowledge about the device and/or lack of appropriate skills regarding the optical properties of the skin
24.
A typical IPL system might emit:
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A.
300 - 600 nm
B.
500 - 1500 nm
C.
400 - 1200 nm
25.
Which laser spot diameter will penetrate furthest into the dermis?
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A.
2 mm
B.
4 mm
C.
6 mm
26.
The energy density of laser/IPL equipment is called fluence. What is the correct unit for fluence?
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A.
W/cm^2
B.
J/cm^2
C.
J
27.
The pulse duration determines
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A.
Absorption
B.
Peak temperatures
C.
Fluence
28.
Which wavelength penetrates the deepest in to the dermis?
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A.
1064 nm
B.
532 nm
C.
755 nm
29.
The peak temperature in the tissue at a fixed fluence of a laser /IPL will
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A.
Increase if the pulse duration is made longer
B.
Increase if the pulse duration is made shorter
C.
Not change for different pulse durations as the peak temperature only depends on the fluence
30.
Blood absorbs this wavelength 'best'?
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A.
585 nm
B.
1064 nm
C.
808 nm
31.
'Optical density' is
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A.
Energy/time
B.
The optical thickness of safety glasses
C.
The optical properties of a laser crystal
32.
Severe side effects after laser/IPL treatments such as burns, blistering, scarring, hypo-and hyper pigmentation is typically a result of
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A.
overheating of dermis due to high blood absorption
B.
overheating of epidermis due to strong epidermal melanin absorption
C.
overheating of dermis due to excessive light absorption in dermal melanin
Quiz Outcomes
1.
You definitely need some further training!! Please go back through the book...
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You might find our new book very useful - it will be available, online, soon.
2.
You are in the 'mid range'!! You probably should go through the book again!!
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You will surely benefit from our new book...
3.
You are very knowledgeable but could know more...
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You know your stuff!!! But we think you might learn more from our new book...
4.
You are in the top 5% of laser operators!! Well done.
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